Olympics

Olympics

Tuesday, December 1, 2015

Final Rough Draft

Dominic Broderson
English 102
Sonia Begert
December 1, 2015
Smoking Kills More Than Yourself
I can imagine living in a luxurious life. I have a wife and six kids who go to private schools because I can afford it. My house has five bedrooms and I can even hire a maid. But simple actions such as pressing the brake puts me in pain. When I go to the doctors they open me up and then they close me back up with sickening news. The doctors say a heart wrenching line similar to, Dominic there is nothing we can do. You have six months left with your family and life. It will all be taken away from you because of smoking cigarettes. Cigarettes are harmful, addictive, expensive, and even deadly. Working as a Safeway courtesy clerk I will frequently retrieve cigarettes from behind the glass case for the customer to buy. The customer always smells bad, has unpleasant oral hygiene, and looks rundown. I believe cigarettes should be illegal. They kill 430,000 Americans each year and cause numerous health defects to people and others. They are addictive, costly, and bad for people around the smoke.
Sure smoking will lower the risk for obesity which is an immense United States difficulty when we have high fat and high sugar foods available to us. Also because of low weight the chances of knee replacement surgery is slim. Nicotine (which is found in cigarettes) contains an anti-inflammatory agent, which can lower chances of having an inflammatory disorder. Smoking also provides a relaxant; many stressful people smoke to relieve stress. However, what is the point of avoiding the benefits of smoking when smoking will kill people sooner.
In an article titled, “Effects of first exposure to plain cigarette packaging on smoking behaviour and attitudes: a randomized controlled study,” by Olivia M Maynard, Ute Leonards, Angela S Attwood, Linda Bauld, Lee Hogarth, and Marcus R Munafò state that, “Plain cigarette packs reduce ratings of the experience of using the cigarette pack, and ratings of the pack attributes, and increase the self-perceived impact of the health warning, but do not change smoking behaviour, at least in the short term.” Which means that current ways to detour smoking are not changing people’s attitude to do so. Their quote is based off a lab experiment they conducted.
With cigarettes being addictive they will kill people. It is hard to quit. People fall into the conviction that it is easy to quit. If I smoked then (in addition to cigarette purchases) I should set money aside for my wake. It may start with one cigarette a day, but then it is impossible to stop. Instead I will want more until it is a pack a day or more. When people become addicted to smoking then the addiction might progress to worse drugs. Cigarettes are widely accepted as a gateway drug.
Gateway drugs are drugs that might lead to other more perilous drug addictions. With daily smoking cancer development is high and many other health defects. At Safeway I have met many people who have no voice, use a white board to communicate, have a hole in their neck, or sound like a robot. I ask myself is it really worth it? Not only would I lose my money but also my health all for a temporary satisfaction.

Before I say goodbye to my life I need to say goodbye to my wallet. Cigarettes in Washington State are at $8.98. If I smoke a pack a day for a year that is $3,277.70, looks like no annual vacation. Now many people who smoke a pack a day are around the age of 26 and older. A pack a day for the next twenty-five years accumulates to $81,942.50 if the price of cigarettes stays the same. With this new knowledge I can ask myself, should I pay the $82,000 to die agonizingly or should I find a cliff and jump? Quick, painful, and free. If I really wanted to spend the money I would spend it on something that is good for me. A fast car, or a getaway cabin in the woods next to a lake. I understand that quitting can be difficult. So instead of wasting that money in the long run spend it on rehab to survive.                                                                                                                    
Cancer caused by smoking is a definite way of making family spend thousands and thousands of dollars on treatment that may or not work. Treatments are expensive and rough. Why would I leave my loved ones in debt because I had get that excitement of a cigarette? Do not leave family and friends with a hindrance. Also smoking around others can give them secondhand smoke.
The yearly death toll for victims with secondhand smoke is at 53,800. An example of secondhand smoke affecting others is provide by a man named Nathan. Nathan used to be a marine and was athletic. He belongs to the Oglala Sioux tribe and never smoked a cigarette, but because of his employment in the tribe’s casino where everyone smokes, he can no longer take a few dance steps without getting tired.
Secondhand smoke also effects the future. It hurts the child exposed to the smoke. Eman Al-Sayed and Khadiga Salah Ibrahim wrote an excellent article titled, “Second-hand tobacco smoke and children,” which is about the negative health effects smoking has on children. In their conclusion they stated, “Children who are exposed to passive smoking are subjected to oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of many disorders. Some of which occur in organs that have no direct contact with the smoke itself such as the liver. Smoking induces three major adverse effects on the liver, immunological, toxic, and oncogenic effects. ETS exposure is associated with physiologic evidence of systemic biochemical alterations in children. They have lower plasma levels of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, B-carotene, folate and uric acid. Meanwhile, they have higher plasma levels of some pro-oxidants such as iron. The relationship between SHS exposure and markers of oxidative stress in children strengthens the proposed relationship between SHS, oxidative stress, inflammation, and diseases. It provides evidence suggesting that these pathways are integrally associated with SHS-exposure-related mechanisms of harm. Understanding these pathways may improve prevention and treatment of SHS-exposure-related diseases. A diet rich in antioxidants is important for children exposed to SHS such as those containing excess vegetables and fruits. Supplementation of antioxidants may be warranted in SHS-exposed children, but more studies are necessary to determine the optimal doses and clinical impact of the supplements. Our article provides additional evidence that children need to be protected from SHS exposure, both through vigorous efforts to encourage smoking cessation among family members and through policies that eliminate smoking in places where children exist.”
From research I know that smoking not only hurts me but others around me. It not only kills me but kills others around me. Smoking can take the money away from me that I could use to have a happy life. I do not believe smoking would make me look cool, I know it would make me look like an idiot. After many years I would look like a train wreck. Who would be selfish enough to kill themselves so that others can mourn at their painful loss?
I know that I am not alone in my thinking. A survey was taken on debate.org titled, “Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned?” The survey concluded that 79% of people believe that smoking should be banned. A user on the site by the name of, rhianramos, states that, “Cigarette smoking damages the body gradually in a number of different ways. There are thousands of chemicals in the average puff of cigarette smoke. Despite all that, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC, 26% of American adults continue to smoke, with heart-rending outcomes. Each year smoking is blamable for 430,000 deaths (one every five). Smoking is not just a habit as many people thought for many years. Some groups like Pro-Tobacco Group often claim that cigarette smokers have the right to abuse their body if they choose. They believed that all the health dangers of cigarettes will fade in a puff of smoke; when they quit, assuming that smoking from, say, age 16 to age 28 will have no long-term effects, smokers often fall back on an "I can always quit tomorrow" (next month or next year) philosophy. Recent studies show that the quitting success rate among teenagers is very low; less than 16% of the 633 teen smokers in the study were able to quit. Cigarette smoking needs to be banned because it affects the health of the smoker, the health of non-smoker (secondhand smoke) and, the environment.” Another powerful statement on the site was submitted by an unknown thirteen-year old. The child said, “Many people die from lung cancer and heart disease each year from smoking. So I honestly think it should be banned and I'm 13 years old. My grandfather died of lung cancer about 6 years back and it just causes a great sense of denial and emptiness if you lose someone close at the hands of nicotine. So yes, cigarette smoking should be banned.”
Thankfully to my knowledge I have never smoked. Smoking wastes $82,000 before death. Cigarettes will addict users; they will take away free agency. It will make people endure a painful year before going six feet under. Smoking will hurt everyone. I will not pay for the short, painful way out of this world and neither should others who are addicted and cannot stop.  Other feel the same way too. It’s not about restricting people’s freedom to be bullies, but it is about protecting fellow citizens, family, and friends. Cigarettes should be illegal to possess and smoke.



Works Cited
Chang, Cindy M., et al. "Systematic Review Of Cigar Smoking And All Cause And Smoking Related Mortality." BMC Public Health 15.1 (2015): 1-20. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

Mead, Erin L., et al. "The Role Of Theory-Driven Graphic Warning Labels In Motivation To Quit: A Qualitative Study On Perceptions From Low-Income, Urban Smokers." BMC Public Health 15.1 (2015): 1-11. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

Al-Sayed, Eman M, and Khadiga Salah Ibrahim. "Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke And Children." Toxicology & Industrial Health 30.7 (2014): 635-644. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

Maynard, Olivia M., et al. "Effects Of First Exposure To Plain Cigarette Packaging On Smoking Behaviour And Attitudes: A Randomised Controlled Study." BMC Public Health 15.1 (2015): 1-9. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Chien-Min, Kung, Wang Hai-Lung, and Tseng Zu-Lin. "Cigarette Smoking Exacerbates Health Problems In Young Men." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 31.3 (2008): E138-E149. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.
     
Fan, Guo-Biao, Pei-Lan Wu, and Xue-Min Wang. "Changes Of Oxygen Content In Facial Skin Before And After Cigarette Smoking." Skin Research & Technology 18.4 (2012): 511-515. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Mathers, M., et al. "Consequences Of Youth Tobacco Use: A Review Of Prospective Behavioural Studies." Addiction 101.7 (2006): 948-958. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Tidey, Jennifer W., Suzanne M. Colby, and Emily M. H. Xavier. "Effects Of Smoking Abstinence On Cigarette Craving, Nicotine Withdrawal, And Nicotine Reinforcement In Smokers With And Without Schizophrenia." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 16.3 (2014): 326-334. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

CALLISON, KEVIN, and ROBERT KAESTNER. "Do Higher Tobacco Taxes Reduce Adult Smoking? New Evidence Of The Effect Of Recent Cigarette Tax Increases On Adult Smoking." Economic Inquiry 52.1 (2014): 155-172. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

NADEEM, Farkhunda, Amin FAHIM, and Saira BUGTI. "Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Male Fertility." Turkish Journal Of Medical Sciences 42.S2 (2012): 1400-1405. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Azagba, Sunday, and Mesbah F. Sharaf. "The Effect Of Graphic Cigarette Warning Labels On Smoking Behavior: Evidence From The Canadian Experience." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 15.3 (2013): 708-717. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Vincent, Irena, and Harvey R. Gilbert. "The Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On The Female Voice." Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 37.1 (2012): 22-32. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Domier, Catherine P., et al. "Effects Of Cigarette Smoking And Abstinence On Stroop Task Performance." Psychopharmacology 195.1 (2007): 1-9. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Karcaaltincaba, D., et al. "Cigarette Smoking And Pregnancy: Results Of A Survey At A Turkish Women's Hospital In 1,020 Patients." Journal Of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 29.6 (2009): 480-486. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Herbert, Mireille, Jonathan Foulds, and Chris Fife-Schaw. "No Effect Of Cigarette Smoking On Attention Or Mood In Non-Deprived Smokers." Addiction 96.9 (2001): 1349-1356. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Vani, G., K. Anbarasi, and C. S. Shyamaladevi. "Bacoside A: Role In Cigarette Smoking Induced Changes In Brain." Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine (Ecam) 2015.(2015): 1-16. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

Kadhum, Murtaza, et al. "A Review Of The Health Effects Of Smoking Shisha." Clinical Medicine 15.3 (2015): 263-266. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.


"What Kinds of Illness and Death Are Caused by Smoking Cigarettes?" What Kinds of Illness and Death Are Caused by Smoking Cigarettes? American Cancer Society, 20 Feb. 2014. Web. 06 Oct. 2015.

"Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned?" Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned? Debate.org, 2015. Web. 06 Oct. 2015.



Tuesday, November 24, 2015

Literature Review

Literature Review
In this literature review, 19 different articles will be grouped and discussed. The majority of articles are peer-reviewed journals (17/19). All articles are related to smoking and how the number of individuals being hurt by smoking is greater than the number of smokers and therefore should be banned. Five different categories have been formed. Each article can fit into one of the following categories. Mortality, cigarette labeling, youth/children, health defects, and current ways of handling smoking.
            The first category of articles related to mortality has more than half my sources. However, there is only one source which solely talks about mortality. That source is a peer-reviewed journal by Cindy Chang tilted, "Systematic Review Of Cigar Smoking And All Cause And Smoking Related Mortality." This article is about how cigar smoking is connected to a higher mortality rate. Cigar smokers can receive many different types of cancer. The article also touches on how much one smokes and the amount of smoke they inhale does play a part in how severe one’s medical changes will be. Cigar smoking health effects are also the same as cigarette health effects. I will use this source by proving that tobacco and the other chemicals associated with smoking has negative health effects and an increased mortality rate.
The next category, Cigarette Labeling, has three articles that all are about the current ineffectiveness of labeling. Erin Mead wrote that in SES citizens, current cigarette packaging labels provided no motivation to quit in her article titled, "The Role Of Theory-Driven Graphic Warning Labels In Motivation To Quit: A Qualitative Study On Perceptions From Low-Income, Urban Smokers." Olivia Maynard wrote an article on a lab study of random participants who smoked with packs of cigarettes that featured dying babies. The result is that it did very little to nothing to persuade participants to stop smoking. , Sunday Azagba and Mesbah Sharaf also wrote an article with the same results titled, "The Effect Of Graphic Cigarette Warning Labels On Smoking Behavior: Evidence From The Canadian Experience."
The third category it features four articles about the relationship of smoking with youth/children. In two articles titled, "Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke And Children," and, "Cigarette Smoking And Pregnancy: Results Of A Survey At A Turkish Women's Hospital In 1,020 Patients," it discuss the health defects of children with parent smokers. In another article written by Kung Chien-Min, Wang Hai-Lung, and Tseng Zu-Lin it talks about the negative health effects of smoking male teens titled, "Cigarette Smoking Exacerbates Health Problems In Young Men." The article uses lab results which help supports the articles thesis. The last source in this article is about the negative consequences of youth smokers. Written by M, Mathers titled, "Consequences Of Youth Tobacco Use: A Review Of Prospective Behavioural Studies.”
 I have compiled six sources all relating to the heath defects of smoking. "Changes Of Oxygen Content In Facial Skin Before And After Cigarette Smoking." Written by Fan Guo-Biao, Pei-Lan Wu, and Xue-Min Wang the article is about how smoking hurts the skin. "Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Male Fertility," by Farkhunda Nadeem, Amin Fahim, and Saira Bugti is about how smoking hurts male fertility. The next article by Irena Vincent and Harvey Gilbert is about how the female voice is injured by smoking. The article is titled, "The Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On The Female Voice." The next article provides evidence on how smoking induces changes in the brain. Written by G.Vani, K. Anbarasi, and C. S. Shyamaladevi titled, "Bacoside A: Role In Cigarette Smoking Induced Changes In Brain." The following article is about smoking, but not smoking cigarettes. The article discusses the negative outcomes of smoking shisha. Titled, "A Review Of The Health Effects Of Smoking Shisha," by Murtaza Kadhum. The final article sums up all the possible health defects that can occur from smoking. It goes over the cancers, illnesses, disorders, etc. Titled, "What Kinds of Illness and Death Are Caused by Smoking Cigarettes?"

In an article written by Jennifer Tidey, Suzanne Colby, and Emily Xavier the discuss the current studies on the effects of smoking abstinence on cigarette craving, nicotine withdrawal, and nicotine reinforcement in smokers with and without schizophrenia. Which is also what the titled their article. Another article relating to current ways of handling smoking is written by Kevin Callison and Robert Kaestner. In their article they discuss the ineffectiveness of raising taxes on cigarette packs. Catherine Domier. Her article is about and titled, Effects Of Cigarette Smoking And Abstinence On Stroop Task Performance." Mireille Herbert, Jonathan Foulds, and Chris Fife-Schaw wrote a very important article about how it will be hard to make smoking illegal since smoking has no effect in mood or attention in non-deprived smokers. They titled their article, “No Effect Of Cigarette Smoking On Attention Or Mood In Non-Deprived Smokers." The last article was on a survey of if people thought cigarettes should be banned and why. It is not a peer-reviewed article, but it provided testimonials of people who have had negative events happen because of smoking.


Project Proposal

Project Proposal

English 102


“The number of individuals being hurt by smoking is greater than the number of smokers and therefore should be banned.”

Dominic Broderson




The issue at hand is that people are killing themselves and others from an addiction they cannot control. Current methods to stop this common addiction are either not working or are barely working. What’s wrong with barely working is that the number of new smokers is becoming greater than the number of smokers quitting. The biggest debate opposing banning the use of cigarettes is that it would be restricting peoples freedom. I hope from further research that I can discover argumentative points that will far outweigh restricting people’s freedom to smoke.
Cindy Chang posted an article titled, "Systematic Review Of Cigar Smoking And All Cause And Smoking Related Mortality." It is about how cigar smoking is connected to a higher mortality rate. Erin Mead posted an article titled, "The Role Of Theory-Driven Graphic Warning Labels In Motivation To Quit: A Qualitative Study On Perceptions From Low-Income, Urban Smokers."  This article is about the relationship between motivation to quit and how graphic warning labels do little to help people to quit smoking. Eman Al-Sayed and Khadiga Salah Ibrahim wrote an article titled  "Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke And Children." In this article it discusses the many effects of smoking and how it affects children. Olivia Maynard wrote an article titled, "Effects Of First Exposure To Plain Cigarette Packaging On Smoking Behaviour And Attitudes: A Randomised Controlled Study." In this article the author uses lab-conducted controlled experiments on the way of the look of the pack affects the smokers motivation to quit. Kung Chien-Min, Wang Hai-Lung, and Tseng Zu-Lin all wrote an article titled and about, "Cigarette Smoking Exacerbates Health Problems In Young Men." This article uses lots of lab results in how smoking negatively effects young men.
I plan to collect information from less peer reviewed journals since all of my current articles are peer reviewed. I also plan to do a search and try and get some quotes from doctors about their opinion about smoking. My last area of information I want is testimonials from families that have lost loved ones due to smoking. Of course I will make sure that all my sources are credible and reliable.
My timeline is simple yet effective. Work on my project every day. I will have found all my sources two weeks before the final due date. My first draft will be done one week before the final is due. The final paper will be done three days before the due date which will give me time to share it and gets lots of feedback to make any minor corrections.



Chang, Cindy M., et al. "Systematic Review Of Cigar Smoking And All Cause And Smoking Related Mortality." BMC Public Health 15.1 (2015): 1-20. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

Mead, Erin L., et al. "The Role Of Theory-Driven Graphic Warning Labels In Motivation To Quit: A Qualitative Study On Perceptions From Low-Income, Urban Smokers." BMC Public Health 15.1 (2015): 1-11. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

Al-Sayed, Eman M, and Khadiga Salah Ibrahim. "Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke And Children." Toxicology & Industrial Health 30.7 (2014): 635-644. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

Maynard, Olivia M., et al. "Effects Of First Exposure To Plain Cigarette Packaging On Smoking Behaviour And Attitudes: A Randomised Controlled Study." BMC Public Health 15.1 (2015): 1-9. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Chien-Min, Kung, Wang Hai-Lung, and Tseng Zu-Lin. "Cigarette Smoking Exacerbates Health Problems In Young Men." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 31.3 (2008): E138-E149. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Fan, Guo-Biao, Pei-Lan Wu, and Xue-Min Wang. "Changes Of Oxygen Content In Facial Skin Before And After Cigarette Smoking." Skin Research & Technology 18.4 (2012): 511-515. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Mathers, M., et al. "Consequences Of Youth Tobacco Use: A Review Of Prospective Behavioural Studies." Addiction 101.7 (2006): 948-958. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Tidey, Jennifer W., Suzanne M. Colby, and Emily M. H. Xavier. "Effects Of Smoking Abstinence On Cigarette Craving, Nicotine Withdrawal, And Nicotine Reinforcement In Smokers With And Without Schizophrenia." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 16.3 (2014): 326-334. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

CALLISON, KEVIN, and ROBERT KAESTNER. "Do Higher Tobacco Taxes Reduce Adult Smoking? New Evidence Of The Effect Of Recent Cigarette Tax Increases On Adult Smoking." Economic Inquiry 52.1 (2014): 155-172. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

NADEEM, Farkhunda, Amin FAHIM, and Saira BUGTI. "Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Male Fertility." Turkish Journal Of Medical Sciences 42.S2 (2012): 1400-1405. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.


Thursday, November 5, 2015

Different Presentation Methods, Chapter 18

Chapter 18 was important because it gave a wide view of different presentation methods. Without Chapter 18, one would not fully know how to present ones work. The first method is to give an oral presentation. This includes any presentation that requires one to talk for the subject to be conveyed. One can also use props and other visual aids, but the majority of the presentation content must be given through speech. Another method would be to give a multimedia presentation. This way includes a large array of different techniques. One could do a movie, a short film, PowerPoint, etc. The next method is to create a poster presentation. Everyone knows how to complete and successfully give a poster presentation because this type of presentation is rooted into every academic career. The last method would be to develop a portfolio.

Overview of Chapter 17

Chapter 17, like the rest of the chapters in this book, is important because it will help with the completion of the final, 3,000 word, paper. This chapter touches on five main points. The first being to ensure one’s document is accurate. This includes checking facts, figures, quotations, and the spelling of names. Next, one needs to strive for economy. That means to remove any unnecessary modifiers, eliminate unnecessary introductory phrases, and to avoid the use of stock phrases. Then, ensure that the document is consistent. . This means to use concepts, numbers, and source information consistently. After that, one must use appropriate tone and style. Finally, one should correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

Tuesday, October 27, 2015

Annotated Bibliograpghy

Chang, Cindy M., et al. "Systematic Review Of Cigar Smoking And All Cause And Smoking Related Mortality." BMC Public Health 15.1 (2015): 1-20. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.
This article is about how cigar smoking is connected to a higher mortality rate. Cigar smokers can receive many different types of cancer. The article also touches on how much one smokes and the amount of smoke they inhale does play a part in how severe one’s medical changes will be. Cigar smoking health effects are also the same as cigarette health effects. I will use this source by proving that tobacco and the other chemicals associated with smoking has negative health effects and an increased mortality rate.

Mead, Erin L., et al. "The Role Of Theory-Driven Graphic Warning Labels In Motivation To Quit: A Qualitative Study On Perceptions From Low-Income, Urban Smokers." BMC Public Health 15.1 (2015): 1-11. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.
This article is about the relationship between motivation to quit and graphic warning labels. The study is focused on low socioeconomic status (SES) citizens. In the study is shows that using graphic warning labels and using former cigarette smokers as a model for what can happen when one smokes, can decrease smoking in low SES people. I can include this in my article by saying that the results of constant smoking is so terrible that it drives them away from smoking.

Al-Sayed, Eman M, and Khadiga Salah Ibrahim. "Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke And Children." Toxicology & Industrial Health 30.7 (2014): 635-644. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.
In this article is discusses the many effects of smoking and how it affects children. This is a good source because children are very important in making an issue extra sensitive and important. It talks about how smoking around children can affect every organ in their body and can cause illness such as cancer. I will use this to help convince others that smoking also hurts the innocent.

Maynard, Olivia M., et al. "Effects Of First Exposure To Plain Cigarette Packaging On Smoking Behaviour And Attitudes: A Randomised Controlled Study." BMC Public Health 15.1 (2015): 1-9. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.
In this article the author uses lab-conducted controlled experiments on the way of the look of the pack affects the smokers motivation to quit. In the experiment, smokers who used a graphic looking pack of cigarettes were less compelled to smoke. The pack had a picture of a baby close to dying. I will use this to prove that people who are finding out about the negative effects of smoking are quiting.

Chien-Min, Kung, Wang Hai-Lung, and Tseng Zu-Lin. "Cigarette Smoking Exacerbates Health Problems In Young Men." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 31.3 (2008): E138-E149. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.
This article uses lots of lab results in how smoking effects young men. This article using the results shows that smoking in young men can cause illnesses, disorders, and many diseases. I will use this as part of showing that smoking affects people of any gender or age.
     
Fan, Guo-Biao, Pei-Lan Wu, and Xue-Min Wang. "Changes Of Oxygen Content In Facial Skin Before And After Cigarette Smoking." Skin Research & Technology 18.4 (2012): 511-515. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Mathers, M., et al. "Consequences Of Youth Tobacco Use: A Review Of Prospective Behavioural Studies." Addiction 101.7 (2006): 948-958. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.


Tidey, Jennifer W., Suzanne M. Colby, and Emily M. H. Xavier. "Effects Of Smoking Abstinence On Cigarette Craving, Nicotine Withdrawal, And Nicotine Reinforcement In Smokers With And Without Schizophrenia." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 16.3 (2014): 326-334. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

CALLISON, KEVIN, and ROBERT KAESTNER. "Do Higher Tobacco Taxes Reduce Adult Smoking? New Evidence Of The Effect Of Recent Cigarette Tax Increases On Adult Smoking." Economic Inquiry 52.1 (2014): 155-172. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

NADEEM, Farkhunda, Amin FAHIM, and Saira BUGTI. "Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Male Fertility." Turkish Journal Of Medical Sciences 42.S2 (2012): 1400-1405. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Azagba, Sunday, and Mesbah F. Sharaf. "The Effect Of Graphic Cigarette Warning Labels On Smoking Behavior: Evidence From The Canadian Experience." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 15.3 (2013): 708-717. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Vincent, Irena, and Harvey R. Gilbert. "The Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On The Female Voice." Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 37.1 (2012): 22-32. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Domier, Catherine P., et al. "Effects Of Cigarette Smoking And Abstinence On Stroop Task Performance." Psychopharmacology 195.1 (2007): 1-9. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Karcaaltincaba, D., et al. "Cigarette Smoking And Pregnancy: Results Of A Survey At A Turkish Women's Hospital In 1,020 Patients." Journal Of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 29.6 (2009): 480-486. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Herbert, Mireille, Jonathan Foulds, and Chris Fife-Schaw. "No Effect Of Cigarette Smoking On Attention Or Mood In Non-Deprived Smokers." Addiction 96.9 (2001): 1349-1356. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.

Vani, G., K. Anbarasi, and C. S. Shyamaladevi. "Bacoside A: Role In Cigarette Smoking Induced Changes In Brain." Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine (Ecam) 2015.(2015): 1-16. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

Kadhum, Murtaza, et al. "A Review Of The Health Effects Of Smoking Shisha." Clinical Medicine 15.3 (2015): 263-266. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.


"What Kinds of Illness and Death Are Caused by Smoking Cigarettes?" What Kinds of Illness and Death Are Caused by Smoking Cigarettes? American Cancer Society, 20 Feb. 2014. Web. 06 Oct. 2015.

"Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned?" Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned? Debate.org, 2015. Web. 06 Oct. 2015.


Thursday, October 22, 2015

Incorporating Sources Effectively


According to Eman M Al-Sayed, Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals with hazardous adverse effects on almost every organ in the body of smokers as well as of nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)” (1). Eman Kamal Al Sayed is a lecturer at Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Sham University Natural Product Chemistry, Bioactive Natural Products, Pharmacological Screening of Natural Products, Food Chemistry, Toxicology.

In a research article, The role of theory-driven graphic warning labels in motivation to quit: a qualitative study on perceptions from low-income, urban smokers, by Erin Mead says, “The … increased mortality can be partially explained by greater prevalence of risk behaviors, including smoking,” (2). Erin Mead is a Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS) located at the University of Maryland School of Public Health within the Department of Behavioral and Community Health. Erin completed her Ph.D. in Social and Behavioral Sciences at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.


Vani, G., K. Anbarasi, and C. S. Shyamaladevi. "Bacoside A: Role In Cigarette Smoking Induced Changes In Brain." Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine (Ecam) 2015.(2015): 1-16. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

Kadhum, Murtaza, et al. "A Review Of The Health Effects Of Smoking Shisha." Clinical Medicine 15.3 (2015): 263-266. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

Chang, Cindy M., et al. "Systematic Review Of Cigar Smoking And All Cause And Smoking Related Mortality." BMC Public Health 15.1 (2015): 1-20. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.

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